‘British Asian’ as a collective term
REPRESENTATION
- David Buckingham: "What are the social implications of media representations? The media do not just offer us a transparent 'window on the world', they offer us a mediated version of the world. They do not just present reality, they re-present it."
- Julie D’Acci: ‘It is through representational or signifying systems such as language, photography, film and television that the categories that seem so natural to us and the differences that organise out thinking and our lives (like masculinity and femininity, male and female) actually get determined’ (Defining Women, 1994)
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM & STEREOTYPING
- Richard Dyer (1979): "Stereotypes are about power. Those with power stereotype those with less power." "The ideological work of stereotyping involves closing down the range of possible meanings, making fast, firm, and separate what is in reality fluid."
- Stuart Hall (1981) proposes that there are three kinds of representation of black people – the native, the entertainer and the social problem.
- Alvarado et al (1987) argue that there are four main categories of race representation in the media: The exotic, the dangerous, the humorous and the pitied
- What are stereotypes? According to Walter Lippmann in 1922, stereotypes had four major characteristics: they were an ordering process; a short cut; referred to the ‘real world’; and expressed our ‘values’ and ‘beliefs’. Categorisation is a basic cognitive process that people employ to make sense of their lives and their group affiliations.
- Alison Griffiths sees stereotypes as rigid, simplistic, overdetermined and inherently false…they misrepresent people’s ‘lived identities’ by falling back upon narrowly conceived preconceptions of racial, cultural and gendered difference, thus perpetuating myths about social, cultural and racial groups.
- Michel Foucault takes a more active view of audiences: rather than viewers coming to the television screen with already-formed identities, television genres actually help to inform the identity in question.
Dick Hebdige & subcultures
Erving Goffman and Performance The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life 1959
Michel Foucault Discipline and Punish 1975
Roland Barthes Semiotics
TRENDS
- CONSUMERS AS PRODUCERS Hugh Mackay (The Open University) describes the web as a stage where anyone can perform nuanced aspects of 'the nation'. Where this becomes particularly interesting is in the diaspora communities: the web now offeres a place where people who have left a physical location can gather to experience a sense of national belonging. They can access the same cultural touchpoints as people in residence, from local news to comedy, and can engage in the same debates. the web allows for the expression of the diversity of the UK.
- Michael Wesch Digital Ethnography (2007) consumers as producers
- Sathnam Sangheera (The Times 10.01.2011) reports reactions about "the barrage of generalizations" about attitudes of Asian males towards women: British Sikhs and Hindus have contacted him to distance themselves from the contoversy, proposing letter-writing campaigns objecting to the use of the word 'Asian' where 'Pakistani' would be more accurate. He noted anti-Muslim comments on internet discussion boards and received texts from contacts asking him to voice the opinion that 'It's a Pakistani not an Asian problem." Sangheera asserts that few demographic groups are more stereotyped already than Asian males.
- Andrew Norfolk (The Times 09.05.2012) Headline: A Nation's Shame reports successful conviction of Rochdale Nine for sex trafficking British children and the 'failure of duty' by Greater Manchester Police, Crown Prosecution Service and Rochdale social services. The Chief Crown prosecutor now states that "imported cultural baggage" defined the attitudes of the convicted men. Evidence about the sex-grooming network was presented to police in August 2008 but the authorities failed to act; the Chief Constable now says that the force had "learnt an awful lot since 2008."
- Mohammed Shafiq CEO Ramadhan Foundation, Rochdale (The Times 09.05.2012)"There has been an increase of people speaking out against such men.Five years ago it was very different: I was threatened with violence because some people thought that by speaking out, I was doing the work of the far Right. How things have changed. The bad news is that there is a generational split. Our community leaders say they have no responsibility to tackle the issue.The difference in attitude between our younger and older generatiins presents a continuing challenge."
- Baroness Warsi (The Times 19.05.2012) states that her father demanded that she urged her to speak out. Arriving from a Punjab village and working double shifts in a rag mill, he encouraged his five daughters to embrace the best of their Pakistani heritage and British culture. She asserts that the sex grooming crimes against vulnerable young girls that led to nine successful convictions in May 2012 have a connection with the Asian cultural identity of the abusers: "There is a small minority of who see women as second-class citizens and white women as third-class. Some Pakistani men see white girls as fair game. We have to be prepared to say that." It took years for the authorities to act and for the many cases to come to court in a collective trial. In the future, Warsi believes that cultural sensitivities will be less of a bar to applying the law.
MUSIC VIDEO
Andrew Goodwin Dancing In The Distraction Factory: offers a framework for analysing the key codes & conventions of music video
· Genre characteristics
· Relationship between visuals & lyrics (illustrate, amplify, disjuncture) Visuals
· Relationship between visuals & music (Cutting to the beat)
· Lip synching (authenticates performance)and CUs on performer’s hands playing instruments
· Notions of looking (screens)
Intertextuality (Bond brand; superheroes Marvel comics; meme [Gangnam & Harlem Shake])
· * Fij only: we made a music video for an unsigned solo artist who will build his audience and distribute his music through social network sites and word of mouth; as a free agent, he has no label to tell him what he can and cannot do in terms of creating and projecting an image or ‘star brand’.
Richard Dyer Stars proposes that:
A star is an image not a real person that is constructed (as any other aspect of fiction is) out of a range of materials (eg advertising, magazines, films, music videos).Their image often contains a USP
Roland Barthes –semiotics
Michael Wesch Digital Ethnography 2007
Short Film Theorists
I have decided to present my research as a YuDu, it is presented so that on one side of the book shows the different theorists ideas and theories, and opposite to this is how their theories apply to my own short film. I have also incorporated screen shots displaying images of my short film which illustrate the theories and ideas.
Short Film Theorists
I have decided to present my research as a YuDu, it is presented so that on one side of the book shows the different theorists ideas and theories, and opposite to this is how their theories apply to my own short film. I have also incorporated screen shots displaying images of my short film which illustrate the theories and ideas.
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